![]() Yunas SF, Valkama M, Niemel J (2015) Spectral and energy efficiency of ultra-dense networks under different deployment strategies. IEEE Access 4:6823–6832Īl-Falahy N (2018) Alani OYK (2018) Network capacity optimisation in millimetre wave band using fractional frequency reuse. Liang L, Wang W, Jia Y, Fu S (2016) A cluster-based energy-efficient resource management scheme for ultra-dense networks. Zhang T, Zhao J, An L, Liu D (2016) Energy efficiency of base station deployment in ultra dense hetnets: a stochastic geometry analysis. Tang J, So DKC, Alsusa E, Hamdi KA, Shojaeifard A, Wong K (2018) Energy-efficient heterogeneous cellular networks with spectrum underlay and overlay access. In: (2017) IEEE 86th vehicle technology conference (VTC-Fall), Sept 2017, pp 1–5 Liu Y, Wang Y, Sun R, Huang R (2017) Hierarchical resource allocation in ultra-dense networks. In: 2016 IEEE global Communication Conference (GLOBECOM), Dec 2016, pp 1–5 Ye G, Zhang H, Liu H, Cheng J, Leung VCM (2016) Energy efficient joint user association and power allocation in a two-tier heterogeneous network. Zhang H, Liu H, Cheng J, Leung VCM (2018) Downlink energy efficiency of power allocation and wireless backhaul bandwidth allocation in heterogeneous small cell networks. Teng Y, Liu M, Yu FR, Leung VCM, Song M, Zhang Y (2018) Resource allocation for ultra-dense networks: a survey, some research issues and challenges. Tombaz S, Monti P, Farias F, Fiorani M, Wosinska L, Zander J (2014) Is backhaul becoming a bottleneck for green wireless access networks? In: 2014 IEEE international conference of communications (ICC), June 2014, pp 4029–4035 Jaber M, Imran MA, Tafazolli R, Tukmanov A (2016) 5G backhaul challenges and emerging research directions: a survey. IEEE Access 6:4850–4874Īl-Rubaye S, Al-Dulaimi A, Cosmas J, Anpalagan A (2018) Call admission control for non-standalone 5G ultra-dense networks. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 35(9):1936–1947įang D, Qian Y, Hu RQ (2018) Security for 5G mobile wireless networks. Zhang H, Huang S, Jiang C, Long K, Leung VCM, Poor HV (2017) Energy efficient user association and power allocation in millimeter-wave-based ultra dense networks with energy harvesting base stations. Onireti O, Imran A, Imran MA, Tafazolli R (2016) Energy efficient inter-frequency small cell discovery in heterogeneous networks. Pan Z, Zhu Q (2017) Energy efficiency optimization in 3-D small cell networks-based sleep strategy. Our theoretical analysis and simulated results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed model with better power allocation and less complexity than conventional solutions. The JUDPA algorithm obtains the maximum EE in small cells by iteratively optimizing the uplink and downlink powers. Further, to obtain the optimal SBS density in UDN, I propose a joint uplink and downlink power allocation (JUDPA) algorithm. Then, based on the obtained successful transmission probabilities, I derive the closed form expression for EE of the small cells in both uplink and downlink under some practical constraints. Unlike the existing literature, I derive the simple closed-form expressions for the successful transmission probabilities of MUEs and small cells by Laplace transformation. In this considered system, the SBSs and the macro cell users (MUEs) are modeled as a homogeneous Poisson point process (PPP). Considering the necessity of saving energy in modern-day networks, in this paper, I present the EE evaluation of UDN based on the random spatial network model. With many irregularly deployed small cell base stations (SBSs), it is very difficult to accurately measure network energy efficiency (EE) in UDN. Ultra-dense network (UDN) is a promising solution to meet the huge data requirements of future 5G wireless communication systems.
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